Palabras clave
Enfermería
Atención Primaria de Salud
Psicometría
Validez y fiabilidad
Condiciones de Trabajo
Cómo citar
Resumen
Objetivo
Evaluar la validez de contenido de una versión adaptada de la Practice Environment Scale–Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) para su uso en Atención Primaria (AP).
Métodos
Se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante entrevistas cognitivas. Ocho enfermeras de AP con perfiles diversos completaron la versión adaptada de la PES-NWI y participaron en entrevistas para explorar cómo interpretaron los ítems. El analisis se realizó utilizando el Question Appraisal System 99 (QAS-99), apoyado con notas de campo y verificación de transcripciones. Los problemas detectados se categorizaron según claridad, conocimientos requeridos, suposiciones y formato de respuesta, y sirvieron para guiar la adaptación del cuestionario.
Resultados
Veintiséis de los 34 ítems (76,5 %) fueron identificados como problemáticos por al menos una participante, con un total de 56 problemas codificados. La mayoría (87,5 %) se relacionaban con problemas de claridad, especialmente por formulaciones ambiguas o imprecisas. Todas las participantes consideraron los ítems relevantes y no identificaron ausencia de contenidos. Se realizaron modificaciones para mejorar la claridad y la adecuación contextual. La versión final fue aprobada por las participantes, el equipo investigador y la autora de la escala original.
Conclusión
La elevada proporción de ítems con problemas de claridad destaca el valor de las entrevistas cognitivas para identificar dificultades interpretativas y mejorar su redacción. Las participantes consideraron la escala adaptada relevante y exhaustiva, lo que respalda su validez de contenido y adecuación al contexto de la AP. Este estudio ofrece una metodología replicable para examiner la validez de contenido desde la perspectiva de la población destinataria.
Citas
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